COMSERVA : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian Masyarakat

Peran Legal Opinion Dalam Mencegah Risiko Hukum Pada Kontrak Kerja Sama

M Sutan Muda Siregar — 2025-10-17

In business practice, cooperation contracts are very important legal instruments for regulating the rights and obligations of the parties. However, careless drafting of contracts can lead to disputes due to vague clauses, clauses that conflict with regulations, or clauses that do not anticipate legal risks. One way to prevent such risks is through legal opinions, which are legal opinions prepared by lawyers or legal consultants to provide legal analysis, assess the compliance of contracts with applicable laws, and identify potential risks. This study uses a literature review method with a qualitative approach to analyze the mechanism of preparing legal opinions and their effectiveness in protecting the interests of the parties. The results show that the systematic and professional preparation of legal opinions can be a strategic instrument in preventing disputes, providing legal certainty, and helping the parties make safer decisions. However, legal opinions are not an absolute solution; their effectiveness depends on the quality of the analysis, the completeness of the data, and the professionalism and independence of the preparer, and must be combined with good risk management practices.

Pengendalian Agrokimia Dalam Pertanian Karet Berbasis Pengelolaan Sampah (Pakar Balam): Inovasi CSR PT Pertamina EP Prabumulih Field

Hengky Rosadi — 2025-10-16

Penggunaan agrokimia yang berlebihan dalam pertanian karet menimbulkan risiko bagi lingkungan maupun kesehatan petani, terutama akibat penggunaan asam format sebagai penggumpal lateks. Penelitian ini menganalisis Program PAKAR BALAM (Pengendalian Agrokimia dalam Pertanian Karet Berbasis Pengelolaan Sampah), sebuah inisiatif pemberdayaan masyarakat oleh PT Pertamina EP Prabumulih Field. Program ini mengintegrasikan pengelolaan sampah organik dan anorganik melalui sub-program: Mokusaku (produksi cuka kayu), Rindu Resik (daur ulang plastik), dan Muda Bersama (kompos organik). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Mokusaku efektif menggantikan asam format berbahaya dalam proses penggumpalan lateks, sehingga mengurangi risiko kerja bagi petani. Selain itu, pengolahan limbah organik meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian lokal, sedangkan daur ulang plastik mendukung ekonomi sirkular. Berdasarkan analisis Social Return on Investment (SROI), diperoleh nilai sebesar 1,73, yang menunjukkan adanya dampak sosial-ekonomi positif. Nilai Indeks Kepuasan Masyarakat (IKM) juga tinggi, yakni 86,12% ('Sangat Baik'). Dengan demikian, PAKAR BALAM terbukti sebagai model CSR yang berkelanjutan melalui kombinasi pengelolaan sampah, substitusi agrokimia, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan petani serta ketahanan lingkungan di Kota Prabumulih.

Inovasi Pembuatan Deterjen Dari Minyak Jelantah

Ajeng Ar Rayhaani Cindy Hartono — 2025-10-29

Environmental pollution due to used cooking oil waste and the use of synthetic chemical detergents are serious problems that require innovative solutions. This research aims to develop an environmentally friendly detergent based on used cooking oil as an alternative to conventional detergents. The research method uses a qualitative-descriptive approach with stages of pretreatment of used cooking oil, esterification, transesterification, sulfonation to produce Methyl Ester Sulfonate surfactant, and blending with additives. The results of the study show that JelaWash Detergent products have advantages in removing stains, are biodegradable, produce a long-lasting, gentle scent on clothes and skin. Market analysis of 32 respondents indicated positive acceptance with a preference for liquid detergents of 78 percent. The production capacity is designed to be 50,000 tons per year to meet the gap in Indonesia's detergent needs. The conclusion of the study shows that the use of used cooking oil as a detergent raw material can reduce environmental waste while producing high-quality cleaning products that are economical and sustainable.

Pengaruh Persepsi Risiko Dan Hambatan (Hbm) Terhadap Adopsi Skrining Kanker Serviks Pada Wanita Usia Produktif

Dwi Dianaulina — 2025-10-20

Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Early screening through Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA) and Pap smear has been proven effective in reducing incidence and mortality; however, screening coverage remains low. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is frequently applied to understand health-related behaviors, including cervical cancer screening. Literature indicates that perceived risk (perceived susceptibility and severity) and perceived barriers are critical constructs influencing the adoption of screening practices. This review aims to analyze studies published between 2020 and 2025 regarding the influence of perceived risk and barriers on cervical screening uptake using VIA and Pap smear. The findings reveal that low perceived risk reduces the intention to undergo screening, while perceived barriers (such as cost, embarrassment, lack of information, and limited access) consistently hinder participation. HBM-based interventions that emphasize risk awareness and barrier reduction have been shown to effectively increase screening uptake.

Peran Kebijakan Tarif Dalam Menyeimbangkan Neraca Perdagangan Indonesia - Amerika Serikat

Kevin Anandita Rukmana — 2025-10-17

Trade balance is an important indicator to assess the economic balance of a country in international trade relations. Tariff policies, both import and export tariffs, play a significant role in influencing the dynamics of a country’s trade balance. Tariffs are used as a protection tool to safeguard domestic industries, control the flow of imported goods, and strengthen the competitiveness of domestic products in the global market. A reduction in import tariffs can increase exports and reduce trade deficits, while an increase in import tariffs has the potential to hinder exports and enlarge trade deficits. Similarly, export tariff policies can impact the ability of domestic products to compete in international markets. The interaction between import and export tariff policies also greatly determines the balance of a country’s trade balance, where disproportionate policies can trigger tariff retaliation from trading partner countries and worsen trade conditions. Therefore, a balanced and adaptive tariff policy strategy is required to support the stability of the trade balance and sustainable national economic growth.

Teori Desentralisasi Dan Pemerintahan Lokal Pada Masa Parlementer (1950-1959)

May Sendika — 2025-10-29

The Parliamentary Democracy Period (1950-1959) was a crucial period in laying the foundations for decentralization and local government in post-independence Indonesia. This article aims to analyze the theory and practice of decentralization and local government in that era using qualitative research methods through the approach of literature study and historical analysis. This research focuses on tracing the applicable main law, namely Law No. 1 of 1957 concerning the Principles of Regional Government, and analyzing it through a theoretical lens put forward by experts such as Joko Kirmanto, Sadu Wasistiono, and Utang Rasidin. The findings of the study show that although theoretically Law No. 1/1957 represents significant progress by adopting a model of real and widespread autonomy, in practice its implementation is faced with complex challenges. The dominant factors are national political instability, diversity of interpretations at the local level, and the still strong centralist of the colonial legacy bureaucracy. This article concludes that the Parliamentary period succeeded in creating a democratic decentralization blueprint, but failed to realize it effectively, providing valuable lessons for the development of regional autonomy in later eras.

Modeling, Simulation, and Analysis of Mechanical Systems in Universal Vibration Damper Apparatus Using MATLAB Software

Muhammad Satya Putra Gantada — 2025-10-17

This study presents modeling, simulation, and analysis of a mass–spring–damper (MSD) system for characterizing the physical parameters of mass (m), damping (c), and stiffness (k) using standard MATLAB without the need for additional toolboxes. Experimental data is realistically synthesized through combined step + multi-level sinusoidal excitation to enrich frequency information, then small Gaussian noise is added to the displacement measurement to mimic sensor limitations. Parameter estimation was performed in the time domain by minimizing the squared difference between the model response (the result of ODE45 integration) and the measurement data using fminsearch (Nelder–Mead). Model performance was evaluated through out-of-sample validation on different inputs (chirp + small step) and Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis (±10% around the estimated parameters) to assess robustness to parameter variation. The results show high model fit on the training data and remain robust on the validation data, with residuals showing no systematic patterns and consistency of natural frequencies and damping ratio ? with synthetic reference values. The practical contribution of this study is a concise but comprehensive click-run workflow, including data generation, estimation, validation, and visualization, which can be used as a template for damper testing in laboratories, final projects, and initial diagnosis activities in low-order linear mechanical systems.

Kepastian Hukum Atas Hak Atas Tanah Dalam Investasi: Telaah Yuridis Normatif Terhadap UU Agraria dan UU Cipta Kerja

Rizky Abdullah Maulana — 2025-10-27

Pentingnya kepastian hukum dalam pengelolaan hak atas tanah sebagai salah satu faktor utama penentu iklim investasi di Indonesia. Dalam konteks pembangunan ekonomi nasional, tanah tidak hanya dipandang sebagai aset agraria, tetapi juga sebagai instrumen strategis yang mendukung investasi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepastian hukum atas hak atas tanah dalam konteks investasi dengan mengkaji hubungan normatif antara Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok-Pokok Agraria (UUPA) dan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif dengan teknik analisis peraturan perundang-undangan dan studi literatur hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU Cipta Kerja telah mengubah beberapa ketentuan dalam UUPA, khususnya terkait perpanjangan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) dan Hak Guna Bangunan (HGB) yang kini dapat diperpanjang secara otomatis, serta pemberian hak atas tanah kepada investor asing melalui skema kemitraan. Perubahan ini memberikan kepastian hukum dan kemudahan berinvestasi, namun di sisi lain menimbulkan potensi konflik dengan prinsip keadilan sosial dan kedaulatan agraria sebagaimana diatur dalam UUPA. Oleh karena itu, harmonisasi dan sinkronisasi antara UUPA dan UU Cipta Kerja menjadi penting untuk menciptakan sistem hukum pertanahan yang seimbang antara kepastian hukum bagi investor dan perlindungan hak rakyat atas tanah.