Implementation of Good Governance as An Acceleration of Public
Services at The Village Level
Penerapan Good Governance
sebagai Percepatan Pelayanan Publik di Tingkat Desa
1)* Baskoro Wicaksono, 2) Ali
Yusri, 3) Wan Asrida, 4) Rico Purnawandi Pane, 5) Wazni
12345 Universitas
Riau, Indonesia
Email: 1*2) [email protected], 3) [email protected], 4) [email protected],
5) [email protected],
*Correspondence: Baskoro Wicaksono
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DOI: 10.59141/comserva.v4i7.2557 |
ABSTRACT The slow administrative
process, lack of public participation in decision-making, and low
transparency and accountability in public financial management are the main
problems in public services in Sungai Limau Village, Pusako District, Siak
Regency. One of the efforts to improve the service system that still faces
various challenges is through the implementation of good governance. This
study aims to examine the implementation of good governance in public
services in Sungai Limau Village, Pusako District, Siak Regency. This study
uses the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) research method. The data collection
method in this study involves a review of literature. After the data is
collected, the analysis is carried out by filtering relevant data, presenting
the data, and finally making conclusions. The findings of the study indicate
that the application of good governance principles can accelerate public
services at the village level, as seen in Sungai Limau Village, Pusako
District, Siak Regency. Therefore, the recommendation that can be taken from
this finding is the importance of implementing good governance principles
consistently to enhance the standard of public services and boost community
engagement and satisfaction. Keywords: Openness,
Acceleration, Service |
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ABSTRAK Proses administrasi yang
lambat, kurangnya partisipasi publik dalam pengambilan keputusan, serta
rendahnya transparansi dan akuntabilitas dalam pengelolaan keuangan publik
menjadi masalah utama dalam pelayanan publik di Desa Sungai Limau, Kecamatan
Pusako, Kabupaten Siak. Salah satu upaya perbaikan sistem pelayanan yang
masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan adalah melalui penerapan tata kelola yang
baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan tata kelola
pemerintahan yang baik dalam pelayanan publik di Desa Sungai Limau, Kecamatan
Pusako, Kabupaten Siak. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Focus
Group Discussion (FGD). Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini
melibatkan tinjauan literatur. Setelah data terkumpul, analisis dilakukan
dengan menyaring data yang relevan, menyajikan data, dan akhirnya membuat
kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip tata kelola
pemerintahan yang baik dapat mempercepat pelayanan publik di tingkat desa,
seperti yang terlihat di Desa Sungai Limau, Kecamatan Pusako, Kabupaten Siak.
Oleh karena itu, rekomendasi yang dapat diambil dari temuan ini adalah
pentingnya penerapan prinsip-prinsip tata kelola pemerintahan yang baik
secara konsisten untuk meningkatkan standar pelayanan publik dan meningkatkan
keterlibatan dan kepuasan masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Keterbukaan, Akselerasi, Layanan |
INTRODUCTION
In Sungai Limau Village, Pusako District,
Siak Regency, there are significant challenges in public services that are
rooted in a number of structural problems. One of the main issues is the slow
administrative process that often hinders public access to the services they
need (Siregar & Wahyuni, 2020). Long waiting times and complicated
procedures make people feel frustrated and lose trust in government
institutions (Hermawan & Susanto, 2021). In addition, the lack of public
participation in decision-making exacerbates the situation. People often feel
alienated from processes that should involve them, so their voices and
aspirations are not heard (Yulia, 2022). As a result, policies often fail to
align with the real needs of local communities, creating a gap between the
government and its citizens (Situmorang, 2021).
Low
transparency and accountability in public financial management are also serious
concerns. Without adequate transparency, it is difficult for the public to
understand how public funds are managed and allocated (Ahmad & Nurhayati,
2020). This creates doubt and dissatisfaction, which in turn erodes public
trust in the government (Wulandari, 2021). Weak accountability opens up
opportunities for abuse of authority and corruption, which can harm public
services (Rahmat, 2019; Supriyadi, 2022).
These three
problems are interrelated and create a negative cycle that hinders initiatives
to improve the quality of public services in Sungai Limau
Village. Concrete steps are therefore needed to improve the system and involve
the community in the decision-making process so that public services can be
more effective, transparent, and accountable (Putra, 2018). One effort to
improve the service system that still faces various challenges is through the
execution of good governance (Nasution & Haryanto, 2022).
Good
governance refers to a concept that prioritizes the decision-making process and
its implementation responsibly by all related parties (Wijaya & Fajar,
2019). This concept is a result of the joint commitment between the government,
society, and the private sector in running a country's governance (Ramli &
Mulyana, 2021). The World Bank defines governance as �the way state power is
used to manage economic and social resources for community development,� while
the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) defines it as �the use of
political, economic, and administrative authority to manage state affairs at
all levels� (Hidayah, 2023; Simanjuntak, 2020).
Sungai Limau Village in Pusako District,
Siak Regency, is one example of an area attempting to apply the principles of
good governance to accelerate and improve the quality of public services
(Irawan & Fauzi, 2021). The application of these principles is expected to
be a solution to overcome issues of slow and ineffective services, as well as
increase community participation in village development (Sudarmono &
Kartika, 2021). Previous research by Sipayung and
Wahyudi (2022) showed that the implementation of good governance aims to
minimize risks that can threaten independence, integrity, and professionalism
in BPK audit services. One form of implementing good governance is through �the
development of an integrity zone towards a Corruption-Free Area (WBK)� and/or
�a Clean and Serving Bureaucratic Area (WBBM)� (Farhan & Sari, 2020).
Another
study by Darmi (2016) showed that the Bengkulu City Government, through BP2T,
the City Planning Service, the Industry and Trade Service, as well as Dukcapil and sub-districts in Bengkulu City, has begun to
apply the principles of good governance in public services such as E-KTP, SIUP,
and IMB. However, the implementation has not fully met the community�s
expectations. Key issues include: 1) For E-KTP services, there is still a
centralization policy where KTP printing is done centrally; 2) For SIUP and IMB
services, the promise of completion and timeliness has not aligned with
established SOPs due to the Bengkulu City Government's one-stop service system
(Wahyuningsih & Aminah, 2022).
This study
strengthens the theory of public administration which emphasizes the importance
of community participation in decision-making as a way to enhance public
service effectiveness (Ardiansyah & Setiawan,
2022). Additionally, it contributes to academic studies that show how good
governance not only impacts political and economic stability but also improves
people�s quality of life through better services (Nugraha
& Zainuddin, 2020). These findings provide a basis for further research on
the implementation of good governance principles in various local and regional
contexts (Iskandar & Rizal, 2021). This study intends to examine �the
implementation of good governance in public services in Kampung Sungai Limau, Pusako District, Siak
Regency.�
RESEARCH METHOD
This study
uses the Focus Group Discussion (FGD) research method. FGD is a discussion
carried out systematically and structured by a group to explore a particular
problem in a relaxed atmosphere, with direction from a moderator (Yulianti
& Sulistyawati, 2021). This research was
conducted in Sungai Limau Village, Pusako District, Siak Regency. This village was chosen as a
case study because its characteristics reflect the general conditions of public
services in rural areas, with various challenges in managing government and
providing services to the community. The
method of data collection in this study involved a literature review. A literature study is a research method in which researchers
collect various sources such as books, magazines, and other materials that are
relevant to the topic and objectives of the research (Assyakurrohim
et al., 2023). Data
type in this research is secondary data obtained from Google Scholar. After the
data is collected, the analysis is carried out involving three stages such as
filtering relevant data, then the data is presented, so that in the end it can
make conclusions. This study uses five-scale conservation guidelines with
the following references:
Table 1.
Five-Scale Conservation Guidelines
|
Percentage (%) |
Criteria |
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90-100 |
Very Good |
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75-89 |
Good |
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65-74 |
Enough |
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40-64 |
Less |
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0-39 |
Very Less |
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results
Public
service delivery in Sungai Limau Village, Pusako Sub-district, Siak District, is still faced with a
number of significant challenges, which are described in the pretest results
table below.���
Table 2. Indicators of Public Service Achievement Before FGDs on Good
Governance Implementation
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Indicator |
Achievement |
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Very good |
Good |
Fair |
Less |
Very poor |
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Transparency |
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Service
speed |
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Community
participation |
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Service
quality |
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Constraints
in public services found included a lack of transparency in information
management, slow speed of public services, low community participation and the
quality of services considered adequate, but still requiring much improvement.�
A Focus
Group Discussion (FGD) was then conducted on the application of good governance
principles in Sungai Limau Village involving various
elements of the community that play an important role in public services. The
FGD brought together stakeholders such as village officials, community leaders,
and representatives of local residents. The discussion aimed to identify
problems that occur in public services and design steps to implement good
governance to enhance
the efficiency and effectiveness of services provided to the community.
During the
discussion, participants were encouraged to share their experiences and views
on existing public services. One of the main focuses was the adoption of sound governance
practices such as �transparency, accountability,
participation, effectiveness, efficiency and the rule of law.� These principles
were explained in depth, and participants were invited to explore how each
principle could be integrated in the public service system. FGD participants
were also confronted with the challenges and barriers that exist in
implementing good governance. The discussion aimed to identify the root causes
that hinder public services and find solutions that can be applied in better
village governance.
The
discussion also covered how the application of good governance principles can
actually accelerate and improve the quality of public services. For example,
increased accountability is considered important to reduce excessive
bureaucracy, so that service processes can take place more quickly and
efficiently. The utilization of technology such as e-government and digital
applications was also a topic of discussion. These technologies are believed to
help increase transparency and speed up administrative processes, while
improving public access to public services. At the end of the FGD, participants
developed a number of recommendations and action plans to improve the
implementation of good governance in the public sector.
After the
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) on the implementation of good governance
principles in public services in Sungai Limau
Village, Pusako Sub-district, Siak District, a
post-test was conducted to measure changes in the participants' knowledge,
attitudes and understanding. The post-test results showed significant
improvements in various aspects of public services, particularly those related
to transparency, service speed, community participation, and service quality.
The results of the post-test assessment after the Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
are presented in Table 3 below:�
Table 3. Indicators of Public Service Achievement after FGD on
Good Governance Implementation
|
Indicator |
Achievement |
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Very good |
Good |
Fair |
Less |
Very poor |
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Transparency |
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Service speed |
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Community participation |
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Service quality |
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The
findings indicate that the application of good governance principles through
FGDs has successfully accelerated the improvement of the quality of public
services in Sungai Limau Village. The success can be
seen from the increased level of community satisfaction, better transparency,
and increased community participation in the decision-making process and
program supervision.
Discussion
Sungai Limau is a village located in Pusako
Sub-district, Siak District, Riau Province. This village is currently facing
various obstacles in its public service delivery. In response to these
challenges, a community service program using the Focus Group Discussion (FGD)
approach was conducted. This program was designed with the aim of improving the
quality of public services in Sungai Limau Village
through the application of good governance principles.�
The
discussion in Sungai Limau Village invited various
important elements in the community, such as village officials, community
leaders, and representatives of residents. In this discussion, all participants
were invited to identify the problems that exist in public services in the village
so far and together design suitable solutions. The main objective of the
discussion was to ensure that public services in Sungai Limau
can be improved through the implementation of good governance.
The main
focus of the discussion was the application of good governance principles,
which include transparency, accountability, participation, effectiveness,
efficiency and the rule of law. These principles were explained in depth, and
the community was invited to explore how best to integrate them into the
village's public service system. At the end of the discussion, the participants
managed to formulate a number of recommendations and action plans to improve
public services in Sungai Limau Village.
The results
after the implementation of the FGD on the application of good governance
principles as an acceleration of public services in Sungai Limau
Village have shown significant success. The success of the approach is evident
from increased community satisfaction, better transparency, and more active
community participation. These
findings are consistent with earlier research which shows that the
application of good governance in improving public services can be done with
the principles of efficiency, responsiveness, and transparency (Widanti, 2022). The implementation of good governance with
a focus on these principles has proven effective in improving the public
service process.
Good
governance is defined as a system that runs government based on a pattern of
relationships involving government, society and the private sector. The main
objective is to create governance supported by basic principles such as legal
certainty, accountability, transparency, justice, professionalism, and
democracy (Kharisma, 2014). This concept is in line with the demand to create a
clean government initiated by international organizations such as UNDP, World
Bank, United Nations, and several other institutions (Rohman et al., 2019).
According
to Rochmansjah (2019), the implementation of good
governance must be done in stages, adjusted to the capacity of the government,
civil society, and market mechanisms. One of the right strategies to implement
good governance in Indonesia is through improving public services. Public
services are a key indicator to measure the success of government and
bureaucratic performance.
The results
also support the findings of Setyasih (2023), which
show that the implementation of good governance practices in Blanakan Subdistrict has been running optimally, especially
in the aspects of transparency and community participation in decision making.
However, to further improve the quality of public services, improvements are
needed in the application of good governance, including prevention and
enforcement efforts, as well as improving the quality of human resources among
government officials.
The
application of good governance principles in public services is also an
approach adopted by Pakuncen Village, Serang. This strategy was implemented with the hope that
the quality of public services in Pakuncen Village
could be significantly improved, so that the benefits could be felt by the
local community (Alwajir et al., 2024). Good
governance itself is a system that prioritizes the values of transparency,
accountability, and openness in interacting with the public sector. In the
public service sector, the role of good governance is very important because it
reflects the implementation of responsible development management, in line with
the principles of efficient democracy. Then this principle also aims to reduce
corruption, both in the political and administrative spheres, as well as
discipline in budgets, services, and management of facilities and
infrastructure (Ayuningtyas, 2021).
According
to Djumadin (2023), the application of the principles
of good governance is a fundamental need for the majority of people. Because it
aims to create a political system that is more supportive of the implementation
of government by the people, in accordance with the principles of universal
democracy. Implementation can encourage the formation of effective governance
in every aspect, from the formulation of public policies to the implementation
of a transparent and efficient bureaucracy. So that the implementation of good
governance can be an option in improving the quality of public services and the
welfare of the wider community.�
Research
results from Palangda and Dame (2020) further
strengthen these findings. The study found that the application of good
governance principles has a significant influence on the quality of public
services, with an influence level of 0.790, which indicates a strong influence
category. This finding makes it clear that the implementation of good
governance can accelerate the improvement of the quality of public services at
the village level.
The success
in Sungai Limau Village is a clear example that the
application of good governance principles can create positive changes in public
services at the village level. However, the situation is different at the Medan
Timur Sub-district Office, where the application of good governance in services
is far from optimal (Rajagukguk et al., 2022).
Despite efforts to improve service quality, various internal and external
constraints impede the process. Among these are the lack of consistency of
employees in carrying out their duties, miscommunication between the government
and the community, and discrimination against the community. These problems
indicate that the principles of excellent service, participation, and justice
have not been fully realized. However, the East Medan Sub-district Office is
currently in the improvement stage to overcome these problems.
Meanwhile,
in Kecamatan Girian, Bitung City, the principles of good governance have been
well implemented, although not fully maximized. There is still a problem of
inequity in services, where residents who have more financial means often get
better treatment than residents who are less well-off. This shows that despite
efforts to implement good governance, bias in services is still an obstacle (Tomuka, 2013).
A
comparison between successful and struggling villages shows that the successful
implementation of good governance principles depends on commitment,
transparency and equity in service delivery. Some areas are successful, while
others still struggle with the challenges of achieving the expected service
standards. When implementing the principles of good governance in Sungai Limau Village, transparency practices have been
implemented, such as the open delivery of information related to village
budgets and programs, both from village forums and public information boards.
Village officials are also committed to preparing budget reports that can be
accessed by the community, thus encouraging openness in village financial
management. In addition, improvements were also made to the flow of
administrative services by organizing a more orderly queuing system, as well as
empowering human resources to accelerate the service process. In addition to
the transparency aspect, village officials also participated in special training
that focused on improving the quality-of-service excellence. The training
includes improving professional attitudes and friendliness in public services.
Therefore, the result of applying the principles of good governance is a
positive change in public services in Sungai Limau
Village, which can be seen from the increased efficiency and quality of
services felt by the community.
From these
findings, it can be concluded that the application of good governance
principles can accelerate public services at the village level, as seen in
Sungai Limau Village, Pusako
Sub-district, Siak District. Therefore, the recommendation that can be drawn
from these findings is the importance of consistently applying the principles
of good governance to improve the quality of public services and increase
community participation and satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
The
implementation of good governance principles has been proven to accelerate and
improve the quality of public services at the village level, as seen in Sungai Limau Village, Pusako District,
Siak Regency. These principles, such as transparency, accountability, community
participation, and efficiency, have had a positive impact on improving services
to the community. Based on these findings, the main recommendation is the
importance of implementing good governance principles consistently at various
levels of government. That way, the quality of public services will improve,
and at the same time, community participation and satisfaction will increase,
thus creating a more harmonious relationship between the village government and
its citizens.
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